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Background Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening is effective in reducing lung cancer mortality in smokers; however, the evidence in nonsmokers is scarce. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the participant rate and eff...
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Background Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening is effective in reducing lung cancer mortality in smokers; however, the evidence in nonsmokers is scarce. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the participant rate and effectiveness of one-off LDCT screening for lung cancer among smokers and nonsmokers. Methods A population-based prospective cohort study was performed to enroll participants aged between 40 and 74 years from 2013 to 2019 from 4 cities in Zhejiang Province, China. Participants who were evaluated as having a high risk of lung cancer from an established risk score model were recommended to undergo LDCT screening. Follow-up outcomes were retrieved on June 30, 2020. The uptake rate of LDCT screening for evaluated high-risk participants and the detection rate of early-stage lung cancer (stage 0-I) were calculated. The lung cancer incidence, lung cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality were compared between the screened and nonscreened groups. Results At baseline, 62.56% (18,818/30,079) of smokers and 6% (5483/91,455) of nonsmokers were identified as high risk ( P <.001), of whom 41.9% (7885/18,818) and 66.31% (3636/5483) underwent LDCT screening ( P <.001), respectively. After a median follow-up of 5.1 years, 1100 lung cancer cases and 456 all-cause death cases (116 lung cancer death cases) were traced. The proportion of early-stage lung cancer among smokers was 60.3% (173/287), which was lower than the proportion of 80.3% (476/593) among nonsmokers ( P <.001). Among smokers, a higher proportion was found in the screened group (72/106, 67.9%) than the nonscreened group (56/114, 49.1%; P =.005), whereas no significance was found (42/44, 96% vs 10/12, 83%; P =.20) among nonsmokers. Compared with participants who were not screened, LDCT screening in smokers significantly increased lung cancer incidence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39, 95% CI 1.09-1.76; P =.007) but reduced lung cancer mortality (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.96; P =.04) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.32-0.69; P <.001). Among nonsmokers, no significant results were found for lung cancer incidence ( P =.06), all-cause mortality ( P =.89), and lung cancer mortality ( P =.17). Conclusions LDCT screening effectively reduces lung cancer and all-cause mortality among high-risk smokers. Further efforts to define high-risk populations and explore adequate lung cancer screening modalities for nonsmokers are needed.
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Chronic wounds caused by bacterial infections are a major challenge in
medical fields. The hypoxia condition extremely induces reactive oxygen
species (ROS) generation and upregulates the expression of hypoxia-inducible
factor,...
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Chronic wounds caused by bacterial infections are a major challenge in
medical fields. The hypoxia condition extremely induces reactive oxygen
species (ROS) generation and upregulates the expression of hypoxia-inducible
factor, both of which can increase the pro-inflammatory M1 subtype
macrophages production while reducing the anti-inflammatory M2 subtype
macrophages. Besides, bacteria-formed biofilms can hinder the penetration of
therapeutic agents. Encouraged by natural motors automatically executing
tasks, hypothesized that supplying sufficient oxygen (O_2) would
simultaneously drive therapeutic agent movement, rescue the hypoxic
microenvironment, and disrupt the vicious cycle of inflammation. Here, small
organic molecule-based nanoparticles (2TT-mC6B@Cu_(5.4)O NPs) that possess
high photothermal conversion efficiency and enzymatic activities are
developed, including superoxide dismutase-, catalase-, and glutathione
peroxidase-like activity. 2TT-mC6B@Cu_(5.4)O NPs exhibit superior
ROS-scavenging and O_2 production abilities that synergistically relieve
inflammation, alleviate hypoxia conditions, and promote their deep
penetration in chronic wound tissues. Transcriptome analysis further
demonstrates that 2TT-mC6B@Cu5.4O NPs inhibit biological activities inside
bacteria. Furthermore, in vivo experiments prove that 2TT-mC6B@Cu_(5.4)O
NPs-based hyperthermia can effectively eliminate bacteria in biofilms to
promote wound healing.
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The impact investing literature largely focuses on private equity investing and overlooks the investments made through debt financing that actually dominate the market. To address this research gap, this paper investigates whether...
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The impact investing literature largely focuses on private equity investing and overlooks the investments made through debt financing that actually dominate the market. To address this research gap, this paper investigates whether impact financing is associated with financial benefits. By using COVID-19 as an exogenous shock to China’s stock market, this paper applies fixed effects panel data analysis with a difference-in-differences research design to provide robust empirical outcomes. The results reveal those financial institutions that better integrated environmental impacts into their financing process experienced positive stock return changes in response to the shock. This study answers the question of how well an impact scales. The findings suggest that impact financing is an effective model, as the impacts incorporated in the debt can be scaled up compared to impact investing funds with low volumes. Impact financing has enormous potential for financial institutions to engage in the green transition since they can derive pecuniary utility while delivering environmental impacts. The revelation of financial benefits also contributes to overcoming the lack of knowledge about impact financing and helps to remove the barriers that advance industry growth.
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Bacterial infection has become a global health issue.The misuseantibiotics has been resulting in increased drug resistance and bioaccumulation.Therefore,developing a highly safe antibacterial agent,with high antibacterial performa...
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Bacterial infection has become a global health issue.The misuseantibiotics has been resulting in increased drug resistance and bioaccumulation.Therefore,developing a highly safe antibacterial agent,with high antibacterial performance is demanding.Inspired by the natural motors performing automated tasks in complicated living environments,we demonstrate tadpole-like nanoparticles(TNPs)with several functions,including high photothermal conversion efficiency,peroxidase-like catalytic activity,glutathione peroxidase-like activity,and catalase-like activity.TNPs produce hydroxyl radical(>>OH)at an extremely low concentrationhydrogen peroxide0.006%,which can damage bacterial cell membranes,proteins,and DNA.Moreover,the glutathione peroxidase-like activity disrupts the anti-oxidative mechanismbacteria and improves the permeabilitythe cell membranes,consequently enhancing the killing effectROS.In addition,TNPs possess tadpole-like asymmetry to overcome Brownian motion,demonstrating strong directional motion propelled by 02.The in vivo experiments indicate that TNPs could also shorten the inflammatory period and promote angiogenesis,making them a very promising antibacterial agent.
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Even though great progress has been achieved in mimicking natural enzyme engineering,few artificial enzymes with efficient catalytic performance and multifunction have been reported.In this study,novel manganese-iron dual single-a...
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Even though great progress has been achieved in mimicking natural enzyme engineering,few artificial enzymes with efficient catalytic performance and multifunction have been reported.In this study,novel manganese-iron dual single-atom catalysts(Mn/Fe SACs)were synthesized via a hydrothermal/pyrolysis recipe.Iron atoms inside the Mn/Fe SACs adequately exerted the peroxidase(POD)-like activity,its Michaelis-Menten constant,and maximum initial velocity superior to the horseradish peroxidase.Manganese atoms sufficiently catalyzed the H2O2 to generate oxygen(O2),which alleviated the challenge of the continued lack of O2 in the infected wound.In addition,Mn/Fe SACs possess a glutathione oxidase-like activity that further enhanced POD-like activity in the therapeutic process.The antibacterial rates of Mn/Fe SACs were 95 and 94.5% for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,respectively.In vitro anti-inflammatory experiments demonstrated that Mn/Fe SACs could regulate the polarization of macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 subtype.In vivo wound healing experiments suggested that the combination therapy of Mn/Fe SACs and chemodynamic therapy presented a great promotion of the recovery rate.Moreover,the O2 generated by the catalase-like process contributed to the catalysts permeating the interior of the infected wounds and achieved preferable abscess elimination ability.This work revealed the potential of Mn/Fe SACs as broad-spectrum antimicrobial materials,which provided a novel strategy for treating infected and abscess wounds.
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Objective This study is aimed to analyze the characteristics of congenital anomalous origin of coronary artery in pediatric patients with syncope. Methods A total of eight patients were retrospectively analyzed from August 2018 to...
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Objective This study is aimed to analyze the characteristics of congenital anomalous origin of coronary artery in pediatric patients with syncope. Methods A total of eight patients were retrospectively analyzed from August 2018 to August 2020 who were admitted to the Peking University First Hospital with the complaint of syncope and were diagnosed with congenital coronary artery disease. Results In total, eight patients were included in the study with a median age of 12.5 ± 2.7 (8–16) years. In total, four of them were males, and four were females. Six of the eight patients were diagnosed with right anomalous coronary artery from the opposite sinus (R-ACAOS), while two patients were diagnosed with left anomalous coronary artery from the opposite sinus (L-ACAOS). The most frequent inducement was exercise, and the commonest prodromes were dizziness and blurred vision. Serum cardiac markers and exercise electrocardiography test (EET) were normal in seven of the patients. The majority of cases had abnormal electrocardiograms (ECGs), but only two of them manifested elevated/depressed ST-T segments. In total, seven patients had positive head-up tilt test (HUT). Echocardiography and coronary artery computed tomography angiography (CTA) were performed to aid the diagnosis. Coronary unroofing procedures were conducted in four patients, and none of them reported syncope after the surgery. The other four patients received routine medical treatment for vasovagal-like syncope. In total, two patients out of them became asymptomatic, and in the other two patients, episodes of syncope were reduced, but they still required medical treatment. Conclusion Congenital coronary artery anomalies in children with syncope need prompt attention. Though ECG and echocardiography are the common methods for investigating cardiac syncope, they have limited ability to find coronary artery anomalies. When coronary artery anomalies are suspected, coronary CTA should be considered.
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